My goal is for students to use critical thinking skills in problem solving situations as it relates to solving word problems in mathematics.
The goal will be accomplished by using the following two learning theories:
Behavorial Learning Theory
The areas of behavorial theory that I would focus on to accomplish the learning goal with students is teacher directed instruction, practice, and small group. Students will be given math word problems to practice solving using problem solving strategies. Students will be expected to identify what the question is asking, what information is needed/not needed in the question, and the operation or concept in the question. Initially, I would guide the students step-by-step through a few questions, release them to work independently, and then pull small groups to monitor progress, check for understanding, and provide feedback.
Situated Learning Theory
The situated learning theory focuses on learning through collaboration and real world experiences. In order to accomplish the learning goal in regards to this theory, I would design a problem based learning project for students. Problem based learning forces students to learn through exploring, working together, and conduct research while solving a problem that is present in our society. The problem that students are given would allow students to think critically and use math skills and strategies to solve it.
Note: If you are unfamiliar with the concept of problem based learning you can google and find that there is so much information about the learning process. It isn't a new concept, it has been around in the medical field since the 1950's however; it's fairly new to public education.
Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction
Click on this link and view the prezi that give the nine events of instruction and details. http://prezi.com/7cbz7khvnnyp/gagnes-nine-events-of-instruction/
Whole Task Approach
A lesson would be designed with word problems that focus on a certain TEK such as adding or subtracting fractions with unlike denominators. Students will still have to use critical thinking to solve the problem but the emphasis of the word problem will be demonstrating knowledge of adding or subtracting fractions with unlike denominators.
Scaffolding
A lesson would be designed that includes stations that would allow students to rotate to answer different types of word problems. The word problems would cover TEKS that fall under Objective 1 in math. Objective 1 is tested heavily on standardized test and is the basics of math for all grade levels.
Mathemagenic
Intervention with struggling students that contain word problems from lower grade levels. These students need to build a stronger foundation in order to be successful with the grade level math. There are specific learning objectives for the intervention that the students will have to apply to grade level learning objectives.
Table 9.2 ARCS model categories and subcategories
Attention
Perceptual Arousal: In order to capture the students attention I would give them a riddle to solve that requires them to use critical thinking.
Inquiry Arousal: Extrinsic motivation can stimulate an attitude of inquiry.
Variability: Ability grouping and differentiating instruction are ways to maintain the students interest.
Relevance
Goal Orientation: In order to best meet the needs of my students, I first have to know what their interests are and what motivates them to want to be successful.
Motive Matching: Students will be provided with guidelines that will allow them to choose ways to present the information learned while working on an activity.
Familiarity: Knowing the students and knowing their interest allows the educator to tie instruction in with personal experiences. When instruction is relevant to the students they are more involved in the learning.
Confidence
Learning Requirements: Protection from adverse consquences assists with building a positive expectation for success.
Success Opportunities: Using strategies that allow students to think their way through their problems and asking questions to provoke their thinking will aid in their enhancing their competence.
Personal Control: Rubrics
Satisfaction
Intrinsic Reinforcement: Spiraling activites that will require students to use knowledge learned and prior knowledge.
Extrinsic Reinforcement: Constant praise and encouraging words for students will reinforce their success. All students make improvements and they need to know. Contact parents to provide positive feedback.
Equity: Constant praise and encouraging words for students will reinforce their success. All students make improvements and they need to know. I award star students of the week for various reasons such as improvement in behavior, improvement in academics, character, etc.
Purpose of Design Research
The purpose of design research is so that educators are prepared with engaging and purposeful lessons that will promote success for students.
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